THE TRILLIONs of bugs in a human gut digest complex carbohydrates into fatty acids that provide about 10% of an individual’s calories. They synthesise vitamins, notably K (which regulates blood clotting) and various members of the B group. They help tune the immune system. They suppress the growth of pathogens. And they regulate production of signalling molecules, such as serotonin, involved in sending messages from the gut to the brain.
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